This Modern Manufacturing eBook from 3D-LABS is written for engineers and students who want a clear, practical reference they can apply immediately.
Modern Manufacturing — Process to Cost covers engineering and economic analysis of manufacturing processes including machining, casting, forging, sheet metal, welding, AM, and surface treatment with process capability (Cpk), production rate, tooling cost, and total unit cost calculations. Written for manufacturing engineers, process planners, and product cost engineers.
What format and standards does this book reference?
Process-physics-to-cost-model structure: each process is explained from material-removal or forming physics, then a cost model is derived with fixed cost (tooling, setup), variable cost (material, labour, energy), and quality-related cost (scrap, rework). Standards referenced include ISO 286-1:2010 (tolerance grades achievable by process), CMTI Machining Data Handbook for Indian cutting data, and ASTM B117 (salt spray test for surface treatment validation).
What process capability formula is used?
Cpk = min((USL – x-bar)/(3*sigma), (x-bar – LSL)/(3*sigma)), where USL/LSL are specification limits, x-bar is process mean, and sigma is standard deviation. Targets: Cpk >= 1.33 for standard production, Cpk >= 1.67 for safety-critical parts. By process: grinding Cpk typically 2.0+, CNC turning 1.3-1.7, sand casting 0.5-1.0.
What unit cost model is used for process selection?
Unit cost = C_material + C_tooling/N_parts + C_setup/N_parts + C_labour + C_energy + C_overhead x (1 + scrap rate). Break-even analysis: N_breakeven = fixed cost savings / variable cost difference per unit. Decision matrix: process capability, unit cost, lead time, and quality risk scored and weighted for systematic process selection.
How do I access this book after purchase?
eBook PDF: Instant download via email and 3D-LABS dashboard. Paper Book: Printed and shipped to India.
What’s Included
An instant PDF download covering the core concepts, practical examples, and key references — ready to read on any device.

